SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BERKELANJUTAN: IDENTIFIKASI EMPAT MASALAH UTAMA DAN PERUMUSAN KERANGKA HOLISTIC-RESILIENT CIRCULAR VILLAGE (HRCV)
Abstract
Masyarakat pedesaan dapat menjadi lebih mandiri secara ekonomi melalui pengembangan desa wisata, yang juga membantu meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Namun, potensi penuh desa wisata belum terwujud sepenuhnya akibat sejumlah kendala dalam pelaksanaannya. Dengan meninjau dan mensintesis penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, studi ini berharap dapat mengidentifikasi berbagai tantangan tersebut dan menyediakan kerangka kerja yang lebih komprehensif untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis (SLR), dengan memanfaatkan diagram alur PRISMA dan alat CASP untuk evaluasi kualitas, terhadap 20 artikel internasional yang terindeks di Scopus dan Web of Science dari tahun 2019 hingga 2025. Tiga fase pengkodean terbuka, aksial, dan selektif digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Berdasarkan data, empat masalah utama yang umumnya teridentifikasi di berbagai negara adalah tata kelola partisipatif yang lemah, ketahanan ekonomi yang rendah, konflik dalam perencanaan tata ruang, serta keterbatasan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan literasi digital. Desa wisata berkelanjutan dapat dibangun berdasarkan paradigma Holistic-Resilient Circular Village (HRCV) yang revolusioner, yang menggabungkan desain tata ruang terintegrasi, ekonomi sirkular, tata kelola partisipatif, dan sinergi Penta Helix.
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